Journal of the European Optical Society - Rapid publications, Vol 5 (2010)

Imaging of plankton specimens with the lightframe on-sight keyspecies investigation (LOKI) system

J. Schulz, K. Barz, P. Ayon, A. Lüdtke, O. Zielinski, D. Mengedoht, H.-J. Hirche

Abstract


Zooplankton is a key element in aquatic food webs. Rapid mapping of abundance, combined with information on taxonomic and size composition is necessary to understand ecosystem dynamics. Classical sampling with towed plankton nets does not allow resolving fine scale distributions along hydrographic gradients (e.g. fronts and clines) although such structures determine community assemblages and trophic interactions. Furthermore, sample analysis is labor intensive and time consuming. To overcome these shortcomings, Lightframe On-sight Keyspecies Investigation (LOKI), a new imaging device, was developed for sensing spatial variability of plankton distribution on scales below the 1~m level. Here, we give a brief description of the LOKI system and demonstrate its potential for taxonomic identification using images of various zooplankton taxa collected in the south east Pacific.

© The Authors. All rights reserved. [DOI: 10.2971/jeos.2010.10017s]

Full Text: PDF

Citation Details


Cite this article

References


J. Schulz, C. Möllmann, and H.-J. Hirche, "Vertical zonation of the zooplankton community in the central Baltic Sea in relation to hydrographic stratification as revealed by multivariate discriminant function and canonical analysis" J. Marine Syst. 67, 47-58 (2007).

K. G. Foote, "Optical methods" in ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual, R. P. Harris, P. H. Wiebe, J. Lenz, H. R. Skjoldal, M. Huntley, eds., 259-295 (2000).

J. S. Jaffe, D. E. Moore, J. McLean, and M. P. Strand, "Underwater optical imaging: status and prospects" Oceanography 14, 61-75 (2001).

P. H. Wiebe, and M. C. Benfield, "From the Hensen net toward four-dimensional biological oceanography" Prog. Oceanogr. 56, 7- 136 (2003).

J. Pollio, R. Meyer, and L. D. Sivak, "Model analysis of underwater photographic and visibility systems from observed data" in Proceedings of the Society Photo-Optical Instrumental Engineering: Ocean Optics VI, S. Q. Duntley, ed., 208, 232-241 (Bellingham, Washington, 1979).

J. R. Strickler, "Observation of swimming performances of planktonic copepods" Limnol. Oceanogr. 22, 165-170 (1977).

G. Schröder, and H. Treiber, Technische Optik. Grundlagen Und Anwendungen (Vogel, Germany, 2002).

A. T. Mustard, M. D. Conquer, and J. T. Allen, "Laboratory evaluation of a high specification digital CMOS camera for imaging zooplankton at high towing speeds" in Southampton Oceanography Centre, Internal Document 89, 17 (2003).

C. S. Davis, S. M. Gallager, M. Marra, and W. K. Stewart, "Rapid visualization of plankton abundance and taxonomic composition using the video plankton recorder" Deep-Sea Res. 43, 1947-1970 (1996).

M. C. Benfield, R. F. Shaw, and C. Schwehm, "Development of a vertically profiling, high-resolution, digital still camera system" in ONR Annual Report Office Navy Research, NR Grant No: N00014-98- 1-0563, 6 (2000).

G. Gorsky, M. Picheral, and L. Stemmann, "Use of the underwater video profiler for the study of aggregate dynamics in the North Mediterranean" Estuar. Coast. Shelf S. 50, 121-128 (2000).

W. M. Graham, D. L. Martin, and J. C. Martin, "In situ quantification and analysis of large jellyfish using a novel video profiler" Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. 254, 129-140 (2003).

M. Lunven, P. Gentien, K. Kononen, E. Le Gall, and M. M. Daniélou, "In situ video and diffraction analysis of marine particles" Estuar. Coast. Shelf S. 57, 1127-1137 (2003).

J. Lenz, D. Schnack, D. Petersen, J. Kreikemeier, B. Hermann, S. Mees, and K. Wieland, "The Ichthyoplankton Recorder: a video recording system for in situ studies of small-scale plankton distribution patterns" ICES J. Mar. Sci. 52, 409-417 (1995).

S. Samson, T. Hopkins, A. Remsen, L. Langebrake, T. Sutten, and J. Patten, "A system for high-resolution zooplankton imaging" IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 26, 671-676 (2001).

K. Wieland, B. Hermann, J. Kreikemeier, J. Lenz, S. Mees, and D. Schnack, "Preliminary results of the small scale distribution of herring larvae in the English Channel as obtained by means of a towed video recording system" Deep-Sea Res. 30, 331-342 (1992).

G. Chapman, "Transparency in organisms" Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 32, 123-125 (1976).

S. Johnsen, "Hidden in plain sight: the ecology and physiology of organismal transparency" Biol. Bull. 201, 301-318 (2001).

U. Kils, "On the micro-structure of micro layers. Results of an insitu zooplankton-counter" ICES CM 1989/L 15, 1-4 (1989).

J. Schulz, K. Barz, D. Mengedoht, T. Hanken, H. Lilienthal, N. Rieper, J. Hoops, K. Vogel, and H.-J. Hirche, Lightframe On-sight Key species Investigation (LOKI) - The art of imaging tiny plankton species onthe- fly (IEEE Oceans'09: Balancing technology with future needs, Bremen, 11-14 May, 2009).

T. A. Clarke, "Diets of fourteen species of vertically migrating mesopelagic fishes in Hawaiian waters" Fish B-NOAA 78, 619-640 (1980).

C. S. Davis, S. M. Gallager, M. S. Berman, L. R. Haury, and J. R. Strickler, "The video plankton recorder (VPR)- design and initial results" Ergeb. Limnol. 36, 67-81 (1992).

G. Gorsky, C. Aldorf, M. Kage, M. Picheral, J. Garcia, and J. Favole, "Vertical distribution of suspended aggregates determined by a new underwater video profiler" Ann. I. Oceanogr. Paris 68, 13-23 (1992).

M. C. Benfield, C. S. Davis, P. H. Wiebe, S. M. Gallager, R. G. Lough, and N. J. Copley, "Video plankton recorder estimates of copepod, pteropod and larvacean distributions from a stratified region of Georges Bank" Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II 43, 1925-1945 (1996).

J. E. Olney, and E. D. Houde, "Evaluation of in situ silhouette photography in investigations of estuarine zooplankton and ichthyoplankton" B. Mar. Sci. 52, 845-872 (1993).

C. J. Ashjian, C. S. Davis, S. M. Gallager, and P. Alatalo, "Characterization of the zooplankton community, size composition, and distribution in relation to hydrography in the Japan/East Sea" Deep- Sea Res. Pt. II 52, 363-392 (2005).

L. Stemmann, M. Youngbluth, K. Robert, A. Hosia, M. Picheral, H. Paterson, F. Ibanez, L. Guidi, F. Lombard, and G. Gorsky, "Global zoogeography of fragile macrozooplankton in the upper 100-1000 m inferred from the underwater video profiler" ICES J. Mar. Sci. 65, 433-442 (2008).

K. L. Carder, R. G. Steward, and P. R. Betzer, "In situ holographic measurements of the sizes and settling rates of oceanic particulates" J. Geophys. Res. 87, 5681-5685 (1982).

J. Watson, S. Alexander, G. Craig, D. C. Hendry, P. R. Hobson, R. S. Lampitt, J. M. Marteau, H. Nareid, M. A. Player, K. Saw, and K. Tipping, "Simultaneous in-line and off-axis subsea holographic recording of plankton and other marine particles" Meas. Sci. Technol. 12, 9-15 (2001).

E. Malkiel, J. N. Abras, E. A. Widder, and J. Katz, "On the spatial distribution and nearest neighbor distance between particles in the water column determined from in situ holographic measurements" J. Plankton Res. 28, 149-170 (2006).

H. Sun, P. W. Benzie, N. Burns, D. C. Hendry, M. A. Player, and J. Watson, "Underwater digital holography for studies of marine plankton" Philos. T. Roy. Soc. A 366, 1789-1806 (2008).

E. Malkiel, J. Sheng, J. Katz, and J. R. Strickler, "The threedimensional flow field generated by a feeding calanoid copepoed measured using digital holography" J. Exp. Biol. 206, 3657-3666 (2003).

C. Moore, A. Barnand, P. Fietzek, M. Lewis, H. Sosik, S. White, and O. Zielinski, "Optical tools for ocean monitoring and research" Ocean Sci. 5, 661-684 (2009).