Journal of the European Optical Society - Rapid publications, Vol 10 (2015)

Applying the data fusion method to evaluation of the performance of two control signals in monitoring polarization mode dispersion effects in fiber optic links

M. Dashtbani Moghari, P. Rezaei, A. Habibalahi

Abstract


With increasing distance and bit rate in fiber optic links the effects of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) have been highlighted. Since PMD has a statistical nature, using a control signal that can provide accurate information to dynamically tune a PMD compensator is of great importance. In this paper, we apply the data fusion method with the aim of introducing a method that can be used to evaluate more accurately the performance of control signals before applying them in a PMD compensation system. Firstly, the minimum and average degree of polarization (DOP_min and DOP_ave respectively) as control signals in monitoring differential group delay (DGD) for a system including all-order PMD are calculated. Then, features including the amounts of sensitivity and ambiguity in DGD monitoring are calculated for NRZ data format as DGD to bit time (DGD/T) varies. It is shown that each of the control signals mentioned has both positive and negative features for efficient DGD monitoring. Therefore, in order to evaluate features concurrently and increase reliability, we employ data fusion to fuse features of each control signal, which makes evaluating and predicting the performance of control signals possible, before applying them in a real PMD compensation system. Finally, the reliability of the results obtained from data fusion is tested in a typical PMD compensator.

© The Authors. All rights reserved. [DOI: 10.2971/jeos.2015.15008]

Full Text: PDF

Citation Details


Cite this article

References


H. Miao, A. M. Weiner, L. Mirkin, and P. J. Miller, ”All-order polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensation via virtually imaged phased array (VIPA)-based pulse shaper,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 20, 545–547 (2008).

L. Xu, H. Miao, and A. M. Weiner, ”All-order polarization-modedispersion( PMD) compensation at 40 Gb/s via hyperfine resolution optical pulse shaping,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 22, 1078–1080 (2010).

J. T. Rahn, H. Sun, K. T. Wu, and B. E. Basch, ”Real-Time PMD Tolerance Measurements of a PIC-Based 500 Gb/s Coherent Optical Modem,” J. Lightwave Technol. 30, 2907–2912 (2012).

H. Miao, A. M. Weiner, L. Mirkin, and P. J. Miller, ”Broadband allorder polarization mode dispersion compensation via wavelengthby- wavelength Jones matrix correction,” Opt. Lett. 32, 2360–2362 (2007).

A. Weiner, M. Akbulut, S. X. Wang, and P. J. Miller, ”Optical parallel processing approach to all-order PMD compensation,” in Proceedings of 2006 Optical Fiber Communication Conference 1 (Optical Society of America, Anaheim, 2006).

C. Floridia, G. C. C. P. Simões, M. M. Feres, and M. A. Romero, ”Simultaneous optical signal-to-noise ratio and differential group delay monitoring based on degree of polarization measurements in optical communications systems,” Appl. Optics 51, 3957–3965 (2012).

A. E. Willner, S. M. R. M. Nezam, L. Yan, Z. Pan, and M. C. Hauer, ”Monitoring and control of polarization-related impairments in optical fiber systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 22, 106–125 (2004).

N. Kikuchi, ”Analysis of signal degree of polarization degradation used as control signal for optical polarization mode dispersion compensation,” J. Lightwave Technol. 19, 480–486 (2001).

R. Cigliutti, A. Galtarossa, M. Giltrelli, D. Grosso, A. W. R. Leitch, L. Palmieri, S. Santoni, et al., ”Design, estimation and experimental validation of optical polarization mode dispersion compensator in 40 Gbit/s NRZ and RZ optical systems,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 15, 242–250 (2009).

A. Habibalahi, and M. S. Safizadeh, ”Pulsed eddy current and ultrasonic data fusion applied to stress measurement,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 25, 055601 (2014).

A. Orlandini, and L. Vincetti, ”A simple and useful model for Jones matrix to evaluate higher order polarization-mode dispersion effects,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 13, 1176–1178 (2001).

C. Brosseau, Fundamentals of polarized light: a statistical optics approach (Wiley, New York, 1998).

S. M. Nezam, J. E. McGeehan, and A. E. Willner, ”Theoretical and experimental analysis of the dependence of a signal’s degree of polarization on the optical data spectrum,” J. Lightwave Technol. 22, 763–772 (2004).

M. Safari, and A. A. Shishegar, ”Analysis of degree of polarization as a control signal in PMD compensation systems aided by polarization scrambling,” J. Lightwave Technol. 26, 2865–2872 (2008).

G. J. Foschini, L. E. Nelson, R. M. Jopson, and H. Kogelnik, ”Statistics of second-order PMD depolarization,” J. Lightwave Technol. 19, 1882–1886 (2001).

P. Y. Ekel, M. Menezes, and F. H. S. Neto, ”Decision making in a fuzzy environment and its application to multicriteria power engineering problems,” Nonlinear Anal-Hybri. 1, 527–536 (2007).

L. A. Zadeh, ”Fuzzy sets,” Information and control,” 8, 338–353 (1965).

L. X. Wang, A course in fuzzy systems (Prentice-Hall press, New Jersey, 1999).

T. G. dos Santos, B. S. Silva, P. dos Santos Vilaça, L. Quintino, and J. M. C. Sousa, ”Data fusion in non destructive testing using fuzzy logic to evaluate friction stir welding,” Welding Int. 22, 826–833 (2008).

L. A. Klein, Sensor and data fusion concepts and applications (Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE, Bellingham, 1993).

H. Chen, R. Jopson, and H. Kogelnik, ”On the bandwidth of higherorder polarization-mode dispersion: the Taylor series expansion,” Opt. Express 11, 1270–1282 (2003).

P. C.Chou, J. M. Fini, and H. Haus, ”Real-time principal state characterization for use in PMD compensators,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 13, 568–570 (2001).

A. E. Willner, S. M. R. M. Nezam, L. Yan, Z. Pan, and M. C. Hauer, ”Monitoring and control of polarization-related impairments in optical fiber systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 22, 106–125 (2004).

G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-optic communication systems (Wiley, New York, 1997).

H. Sunnerud, C. Xie, M. Karlsson, R. Samuelsson, and P. A. Andrekson, ”A comparison between different PMD compensation techniques,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 368–378 (2002).


Journal of the European Optical Society:Rapid publications - ISSN 1990-2573. JEOS:RP is subject to the EOS General Terms and Conditions.